Among individual holders, Ethereum co-founder Vitalik Buterin holds approximately 224,000 ETH, making him the largest known active individual holder. Meanwhile, early investor Rain Lohmus holds 250,000 ETH, though the funds remain inaccessible due to lost private keys dating back to the 2014 presale.

At the institutional level, the Ethereum Foundation is shifting its treasury strategy. Instead of selling ETH to fund operations, it is increasingly staking assets, with tens of millions of dollars deployed into validators. This move aligns the foundation with long-term network security while generating yield to support ecosystem development.